Published by: WCET | 12/1/2011
Tags: Access, Assessment, Cost Of Instruction, Course Design, Disabilities, Distance Education, Faculty, Instructional Design, Online Learning, Outcomes, Student Success
FIRST – Sorry to our subscribers who received the seemingly random post of Jo Kroll’s picture. I was trying a newer version of WordPress and made a mistake. Some parts are not quite as user friendly as I’d hoped. Russ Poulin
ON TO THE POST — I first met Jo Kroll at WCET’s old Institute for Managing Distance Education several years ago. Since then, I’ve followed her career and noticed that every institution where she served improved their online offerings and enrollments dramatically in a short time. Jo is a whirlwind. When we chatted about what she had accomplished in one year, I wanted her to share it with you. Remember she did this all in one year and in Joplin, Missouri – the site of the devastating tornado in May 2011. The faculty had other priorities on their mind, but Jo kept them moving forward. – Russ Poulin (rpoulin@wiche.edu)
A few weeks ago Russ Poulin emailed me and asked me if I would be willing to write about the what, how, and why Missouri Southern State University(MSSU) is doing what we are doing with regards to online learning. Of course I replied – certainly! If you know Russ very well you know that this was not a tough decision. Russ is (and has been for many years) the first person I turn to when I have had a need, question, or request. I am sure this has been the case for many of you. So, to return a favor is a pleasure.
What has been a tough decision is where to begin. For those of you who may not know me, I have worked in the field of higher education for more than 20 years, and specifically in the areas of instructional technology and distance education. Over this time period, I have worked for traditional land-grant universities, a community college, privates and for-profits, and military education organizations. It is through my experiences within these environments, continued research, and an on-going pursuit of information in my chosen field that I have acquired the skills and knowledge to do what I am about to describe. Let me add, however, one disclaimer; the world of higher education is changing daily. What works today may not and probably will not, be what works tomorrow. My approach has always been to do what works best for: the students – at the current time and foreseeable future, and the institution.
While there are many areas where change is taking place on the MSSU campus (and specifically MSSU Online) the focus of this discussion will be centered on the redesigning of all online courses. We chose to redesign the online courses for three basic reasons: 1) accessibility, 2) consistency of learning outcomes, and 3) scalability.
Why Course Redesign?
Accessibility
MSSU Online courses incorporate PowerPoint presentations, audio and video objects, graphics, images, and PDF documents. Many of these instructional elements were not accessible to students with sight or hearing disabilities. Keeping with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Amendments, and to ensure that we are making good on our promise – to provide a quality learning experience anytime, anywhere, to any one – the online courses required review, re-working, and the incorporation of newer technologies to ensure equal access to all. To that end, captioning has been added to all audio and video objects, audio with captioning has been added to all PowerPoint Presentations, graphics, images, and PDF documents.
We are now in the process of examining mobile technologies so that course objects and materials can be downloaded into mobile devices via apps and used by all students; including students with the above mentioned disabilities.
Consistency of Learning Outcomes
Like many traditional universities, faculty have been the sole decision makers on the MSSU campus with regards to what students should learn. While I will make no arguments against this philosophy, I do want to point out where the landmines are hidden.
After an in-depth review of all MSSU online courses it was apparent that there had been little or no basic instructional design principles incorporated into the course design and development process of the online courses being developed and offered. Every online course was different: different format, different structure, different navigation, and different technologies used with different levels of interaction (if any). Within the content of each course, often within the same course taught by two or more different instructors, there were differences in the stated objectives for the course, the assessment measures, and the content covered. In other words, content across several sections of the same course being taught by different faculty could not be accurately measured because the content differed based on the instructor and what that instructor believed students should learn.
So, the first order of business was to hire an instructional designer and begin the redesign of all online courses. We did not remove or diminish the faculty’s decision making responsibility with regards to what students should learn. What we have done is to have each academic department identify faculty who are the foremost subject matter expert(s) (SMEs) in each department and have that SME (or group of SMEs) work with the instructional designer to redesign the course content – using one departmental approved syllabus, aligned with the overall program goals and objectives.
We have also designed and developed a course template based on best practices and research. Every online course, as it is redesigned, is formatted into this template. This standard template provides the student with a common look and feel across all courses. This simple standardization of the template removes a great deal of frustration for the student. Students now can concentrate on learning the content instead of spending valuable time locating course materials and resources. Students also now know ahead of time (before the course begins) where they will post assignments, when and where the discussion will take place, and how to contact the instructor, help desk, and student support services.
Online SMEs do what they do best. Workings with a professional instructional designer faculty in the role of subject matter experts write course content. The instructional designer ensures alignment between objectives, assessment, and content. Once the content is compete, the instructional design team and assistants upload the content into the course template.
There are some cases where the academic departments may not have a subject matter expert available to redesign a course, or courses, due to workloads and time constraints. In these instances, the academic departments have made the decision to recruit outside the campus community and hire qualified SMEs to redesign a specific course or list of courses. Again, this decision is made by the faculty within an academic department. The curriculum and final syllabus are reviewed and approved by the academic department and its faculty.
Scalability
The final reason for redesigning online courses is scalability. Previously, the faculty member that designed and developed an online course was the only instructor that could teach that specific course. If another qualified faculty member decided (or was asked) to teach the same online course they had to design and develop the online course for their use. This restricted the number of courses/sections that could be offered and taught each term. Enrollments were growing. Demands for additional course sections were on the rise. Students were being turned away.
With the new process courses are designed in such a way that the course can be duplicated many times over to offer multiple sections. Adjuncts can now be recruited and hired to teach additional sections of an online course. Scalability also reduces the cost of offering a course and ultimately an entire degree program.
Again, the academic departments and the faculty decide who will teach an online course. MSSU Online recruits potential online adjuncts, prepares the required hiring portfolio (resume/vitae, transcripts, letters of recommendations, etc…) then places all of the potential adjunct’s materials in an online database (that has been designed specifically for this use). Afterwards, deans, department heads, and faculty go into the shared online adjunct database, review the materials, and identify those individuals that are qualified and credentialed to teach a course(s) for that department. Once the individual has been approved to teach they are contacted by MSSU Online and scheduled for the online faculty training – an ongoing four week totally online training program.
We now have a pool of approximately 800 credentialed and fully trained online faculty. Once a course section fills (reaches 30 students) we open another section, contact the credentialed online instructor (from the database), and begin enrolling students in the new section. All of this now takes place in about 15 minutes.
The end result is to be in a position to offer the online course and/or programs (degree and/or certificate) that students need at a price that they can afford – all while dealing with reductions in state funding and increased competition.
Of course we still have bumps in the road from time-to-time. This is just life in world of online learning. We have, however, accomplished a great deal in a short period of time (for a traditional university). As a result enrollments are climbing significantly. Students are never turned away and of most importance, every student receives a high quality, highly interactive learning experience – when and where they need to learn – and student services are centered around what the student’s need and when they need it.
Additional Improvements to Online Offering and Student Experience
Other changes that MSSU Online has made over the past year (and are continuing to make) are:
In the future, we are planning to add:
I’m happy to have shared our experiences from the past year and am will ing to answer questions that any of you may have about our experiences. I’l l monitor comments to this blog and respond or you can contact me directly at the address below.
Dr. Jo Kroll
Dean, Graduate Studies and Lifelong Learning
Missouri Southern State University
Kroll-J@mssu.edu
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10 replies on “Completely Redesigning One Institution’s Online Courses – In Just One Year”
Fantastic. Thanks for sharing these insights.
This is great description of a best practice approach for achieving accessibility and consistency for the student success.
To start the process, how did you get “faculty buy-in”?
Hi Bill,
In response to your question, the growth of MSSU Online is crucial for the overall enrollment growth and funding for the university. MSSU Online is also widely integrated across the institution’s strategic plan. Our President, Dr. Bruce Speck, VPAA, Dr. A.J. Anglin, the President’s Council, and the MSSU Board of Governor’s all understand the potential and importance of reaching a broader market. My Colleagues on the Dean’s Council have also been extremely supportive.
Further, most of the academic units on campus had already invested in online delivery before I arrived. For example, the School of Business currently offers 40% of its curriculum online.
The hurdles, however, have been connected to some of the changes to the processes I have described above. I have also had to spend a great deal of time sitting down with folks one-on-one (as well as in groups) to answer questions and explain the advantages of operating with a business model.
Most important has been the fact that faculty still have a voice in and control of the curriculum, who teaches the content, as well as the option to participate or not participate.
So, I don’t believe it has really been a matter of gaining “faculty buy-in.” It has been a matter of communication, communication, communication.
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I really like the idea of a single iteration of an online course. What I’d like to know more about is where accessibility was incorporated into the redesign. Did the Instructional Designer make all of the necessary accessibility updates to the courses? Who did the captioning? Were instructors responsible for any of the accessibility developments?
Thank you! You are a whirlwind!
Karen>
Our instructional designer works with our media team (video producer, graphics person, etc..) to develop these products/objects within the course. The media team does the captioning – converting text to audio, or audio to text. They also do the alt tags, and anything else that needs to be converted for accessibility purposes. SMEs write content. Our office does everything else.
Thank you for your question.
Back in December, a colleague of mine discovered this blog post and informed a number of us about it. She was flabbergasted by the rosy and often demonstrably false picture that it presents of Dr. Kroll’s tenure here at MSSU. But a group of us discussed preparing a response and decided that we should not because it could be found by a potential new employer for her and we didn’t want to jeopardize the possibility of her leaving MSSU for another position. But since she just abruptly resigned from MSSU last week without explanation (or any apparent plan left behind), I believe it is necessary to offer that alternative view. Kroll’s initiatives were developed and introduced with virtually zero faculty input. The first anyone heard of her initiatives was when a set of faculty (myself included) received an email informing them that their course had been selected for redesign under the new system. Department heads and deans had not even heard of the initiatives. A plan was never presented. Kroll failed to answer direct questions, dictated pedagogy with no justification, and basically ran roughshod over the faculty in terms of both academic freedom and intellectual property. Suffice to say that many of us were very happy to see her go. This does not mean everything was bad. She did push for a “standard” Blackboard menu/interface for all of our online courses which did not exist in the past. But that was one of the few things she did that was not objectionable for one reason or another. If you would like to receive a report prepared by our Faculty Senate ad hoc committee on distance learning describing a partial list of her many missteps, I would be happy to send it.
As a member of the MSSU Dean’s Council, I would like to state that all actions taken by Dr. Kroll were with the unanimous approval of the Dean Council. Further, each of the deans picked who would re-design the courses and in what term the courses would be re-designed. I also know first-hand that Dr. Kroll presented the “plan” to the Faculty Senate and Staff Senate. If you or your colleagues were not aware you should take that up with your dean. All you have to do is read the minutes from the Dean’s Council meetings and you would know this.
“MSSU Dean” I’m sorry that you have chosen not to identify yourself, which makes one wonder… There was no plan. The VPAA (her supervisor) stated that after her departure–probably one reason he isn’t here any more either. I watched Kroll’s presentation to the board of governors after she arrived. It was an embarrassing bunch of doublespeak. She incorrectly cited theories that I studied in my dissertation. It sounded good to the layman, but it was no plan. Why don’t you send me the plan you have via campus mail. I’m sure Scott Snell (her replacement) would like to see it.